Normal Values for Aortic Valve Biologic Prothesis
Valve | Type | Size (mm) | Peak gradient (mmHg) | Mean gradient (mmHg) | EOA (cm2) |
Baxter Perimount | Stented bovine pericardial | 19 | 32.5 ± 8.5 | 19.5 ± 5.5 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
| | 21 | 24.9 ± 7.7 | 13.8 ± 4.0 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| | 23 | 19.9 ± 7.4 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | 1.6 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 16.5 ± 7.8 | 10.7 ± 3.8 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 27 | 12.8 ± 5.4 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 0.4 |
Biocor | Stented porcine | 23 | 30.0 ± 10.7 | 20 ± 6.6 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 23.0 ± 7.9 | 16 ± 5.1 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
| | 27 | 22.0 ± 6.5 | 15.0 ± 3.7 | 2.2 ± 0.4 |
Bioflo | Stented bovine pericardial | 19 | 37.2 ± 8.8 | 26.4 ± 5.5 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 28.7 ± 6.2 | 18.7 ± 5.5 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial | Stented bovine pericardial | 19 | 32.1 ± 3.4 | 24.2 ± 8.6 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| | 21 | 25.7 ± 9.9 | 20.3 ± 9.1 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 21.7 ± 8.6 | 13.0 ± 5.3 | 1.8 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 16.5 ± 5.4 | 9.0 ± 2.3 | |
Carpentier Edwards Perimount | Stended | 19 | 32.5 ± 8.5 | 19.5 ± 5.5 | |
| | 21 | 24.9 ± 7.7 | 13.8 ± 4.0 | |
| | 23 | 19.9 ± 7.4 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | |
| | 25 | 16.5 ± 7.8 | 10.7 ± 3.8 | |
| | 27 | 12.8 ± 5.4 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | |
Carpentier Edwards Standard | Stented porcine | 19 | 43.5 ± 12.7 | 25.6 ± 8.0 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| | 21 | 27.7 ± 7.6 | 17.3 ± 6.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
| | 23 | 28.9 ± 7.5 | 16.1 ± 6.2 | 1.7 ± 0.5 |
| | 25 | 24.0 ± 7.1 | 12.9 ± 4.6 | 1.9 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | 22.1 ± 8.2 | 12.1 ± 5.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
| | 29 | | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 2.8 ± 0.5 |
Carpentier Supra-Annular | Stented porcine | 19 | 34.1 ± 2.7 | | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 28.0 ± 10.5 | 17.5 ± 3.8 | 1.4 ± 0.9 |
| | 23 | 25.3 ± 10.5 | 13.4 ± 4.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 |
| | 25 | 24.4 ± 7.6 | 13.2 ± 4.8 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
| | 27 | 16.7 ± 4.7 | 8.8 ± 2.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 |
Cryolife | Stentless | 19 | | 9.0 ± 2.0 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
| | 21 | | 6.6 ± 2.9 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 2.3 ± 0.2 |
| | 25 | | 6.1 ± 2.6 | 2.6 ± 0.2 |
| | 27 | | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 2.8 ± 0.3 |
Edwards Intuity | Sutureless | 19 | | 25.0 ± 2.4 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
| | 21 | | 10.7 ± 3.3 | 1.6 ± 0.2 |
| | 23 | | 10.6 ± 3.5 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
| | 25 | | 9.9 ± 4.1 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
| | 27 | | 9.0 ± 3.8 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
Edwards Magna Ease | Stended | 19 | | 14.9 ± 3.9 | 1.19 ± 0.44 |
| | 21 | | 15.1 ± 6.5 | 1.26 ± 0.32 |
| | 23 | | 12.4 ± 4.5 | 1.68 ± 0.34 |
| | 25 | | 12.3 ± 4.8 | 1.77 ± 0.37 |
| | 27 | | 9.4 ± 4.0 | 2.05 ± 0.36 |
Extended Biocor | Stentless | 19 | 17.5 ± 6.5 | 9.6 ± 3.6 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 21 | 17.5 ± 6.5 | 9.6 ± 3.6 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 14.7 ± 7.3 | 7.7 ± 3.8 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 14.0 ± 4.3 | 7.4 ± 2.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
Hancock | Stented porcine | 21 | 18.0 ± 6.0 | 12.0 ± 2.0 | |
| | 23 | 16.0 ± 2.0 | 11.0 ± 2.0 | |
| | 25 | 15.0 ± 3.0 | 10.0 ± 3.0 | |
Hancock II | Stented porcine | 21 | | 14.8 ± 4.1 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 34.0 ± 13.0 | 16.6 ± 8.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 22.0 ± 5.3 | 10.8 ± 2.8 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 29 | 16.2 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± 0.2 |
Homograft | Homograft valves | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? |
Intact | Stented porcine | 19 | 40.4 ± 15.4 | 24.5 ± 9.3 | |
| | 21 | 40.9 ± 15.6 | 19.6 ± 8.1 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 32.7 ± 9.6 | 19.0 ± 6.1 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 29.7 ± 15.0 | 17.7 ± 7.9 | 1.7 ± 0.3 |
| | 27 | 25.0 ± 7.6 | 15.0 ± 4.5 | |
Ionescu-Shiley | Stented bovine pericardial | 17 | 23.8 ± 3.4 | | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
| | 19 | 19.7 ± 5.9 | 13.3 ± 3.9 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 26.6 ± 9.0 | | |
| | 23 | | 15.6 ± 4.4 | |
Labcor Santiago | Stented bovine pericardial | 19 | 18.6 ± 5.0 | 11.8 ± 3.3 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 17.5 ± 6.6 | 8.2 ± 4.5 | 1.3 ± 0.1 |
| | 23 | 14.8 ± 5.2 | 7.8 ± 2.9 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
| | 25 | 12.3 ± 3.4 | 6.8 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 0.3 |
Labcor Synergy | Stented porcine | 21 | 24.3 ± 8.1 | 13.3 ± 4.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| | 23 | 27.3 ± 13.7 | 15.3 ± 6.9 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 22.5 ± 11.9 | 13.2 ± 6.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| | 27 | 17.8 ± 7.0 | 10.6 ± 4.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
Medtronic Freestyle | Stentless | 19 | | 13.0 ± 3.9 | |
| | 21 | | 9.1 ± 5.1 | 1.4 ± 0.3 |
| | 23 | 11.0 ± 4.0 | 8.1 ± 4.6 | 1.7 ± 0.5 |
| | 25 | | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 2.1 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | | 4.6 ± 3.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 |
Medtronic Mosaic | Stented porcine | 21 | | 14.2 ± 5.0 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 23.8 ± 11.0 | 13.7 ± 4.8 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 22.5 ± 10.0 | 11.7 ± 5.1 | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | | 10.4 ± 4.3 | 1.9 ± 0.1 |
| | 29 | | 11.1 ± 4.3 | 2.1 ± 0.2 |
Mitroflow | Stented bovine pericardial | 19 | 18.6 ± 5.3 | 13.1 ± 3.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
Prima | Stentless | 21 | 28.8 ± 6.0 | 13.7 ± 1.9 | 1.4 ± 0.7 |
| | 23 | 21.5 ± 7.5 | 11.5 ± 4.9 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 22.1 ± 12.5 | 11.6 ± 7.2 | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
Sorin Pericarbon | Stentless | 19 | 36.5 ± 9.0 | 28.9 ± 7.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 |
| | 21 | 28.0 ± 13.3 | 23.8 ± 11.1 | 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| | 23 | 27.5 ± 11.5 | 23.2 ± 7.6 | 1.5 ± 0.5 |
Sorin Crown | Stended | 19 | 18.7 ± 5.1 | 10.3 ± 3.0 | 1.13 ± 0.17 |
| | 21 | 20.2 | 15.4 | |
| | 23 | 14.04 ± 4.91 | 7.56 ± 3.38 | |
| | 25 | 17.0 ± 11.31 | 10.8 ± 6.51 | |
| | 27 | 13.0 ± 3.0 | 6.57 ± 1.7 | |
St. Jude Medical | Stentless | 21 | 22.6 ± 14.5 | 10.7 ± 7.2 | 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| | 23 | 16.2 ± 9.0 | 8.2 ± 4.7 | 1.6 ± 0.6 |
| | 25 | 12.7 ± 8.2 | 6.3 ± 4.1 | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | 10.1 ± 5.8 | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 2.0 ± 0.3 |
| | 29 | 7.7 ± 4.4 | 4.1 ± 2.4 | 2.4 ± 0.6 |
St Jude Medial Epic | Stended | 19 | 43.5 ± 12.7 | 25.6 ± 8.0 | |
| | 21 | 27.2 ± 7.6 | 17.3 ± 6.2 | |
| | 23 | 28.9 ± 7.5 | 16.1 ± 6.2 | |
| | 25 | 24.0 ± 7.1 | 12.9 ± 4.6 | |
| | 27 | 22.1 ± 8.2 | 12.1 ± 5.5 | |
| | 29 | | 9.9 ± 2.9 | |
St Jude Medical Perceval | Sutureless | 21 | 22.6 ± 10.6 | 10.9 ± 5.1 | 1.40 ± 0.37 |
| | 23 | 21.1 ± 8.4 | 10.5 ± 4.5 | 1.52 ± 0.41 |
| | 25 | 17.9 ± 6.5 | 9.5 ± 3.8 | 1.49 ± 0.35 |
Normal values for Aortic Valve Mechanical Prothesis
Valve | Type | Size (mm) | Peak Gradient (mmHg) | Mean Gradient (mmHg) | Effective Orifice Area (cm²) |
ATS | Bileaflet | 19 | 47.0 ± 12.6 | 25.3 ± 8 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| | 21 | 23.7 ± 6.8 | 15.9 ± 5.0 | 1.4 ± 0.5 |
| | 23 | | 14.4 ± 4.9 | 1.7 ± 0.5 |
| | 25 | | 11.3 ± 3.7 | 2.1 ± 0.7 |
| | 27 | | 8.4 ± 3.7 | 2.5 ± 0.1 |
| | 29 | | 8.0 ± 3.0 | 3.1 ± 0.8 |
| | 18 | | 21.0 ± 1.8 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| | 20 | 21.4 ± 4.2 | 11.1 ± 3.5 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| | 22 | 18.7 ± 8.3 | 10.5 ± 4.5 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
| | 24 | 15.1 ± 5.6 | 7.5 ± 3.1 | 2.0 ± 0.6 |
| | 26 | | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 0.4 |
Bjork-Shiley | Single tilting disc | 21 | 38.9 ± 11.9 | 21.8 ± 3.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| | 23 | 28.8 ± 11.2 | 15.7 ± 5.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 23.7 ± 8.2 | 13.0 ± 5.0 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| | 27 | | 10.0 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 0.3 |
Carbomedics Reduced | Bileaflet | 19 | 43.4 ± 1.2 | 24.4 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
Carbomedics Standard | Bileaflet | 19 | 38.0 ± 12.8 | 18.9 ± 8.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
| | 21 | 26.8 ± 10.1 | 12.9 ± 5.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 22.5 ± 7.4 | 11.0 ± 4.6 | 1.4 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 19.6 ± 7.8 | 9.1 ± 3.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
| | 27 | 17.5 ± 7.1 | 7.9 ± 3.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 |
| | 29 | 9.1 ± 4.7 | 5.6 ± 3.0 | 3.2 ± 1.6 |
Carbomedics Tophat | Bileaflet | 21 | 30.2 ± 10.9 | 14.9 ± 5.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| | 23 | 24.2 ± 7.6 | 12.5 ± 4.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | | 9.5 ± 2.9 | 1.6 ± 0.32 |
Edwards Duromedics | Bileaflet | 21 | 39.0 ± 13 | | |
| | 23 | 32.0 ± 8.0 | | |
| | 25 | 26.0 ± 10.0 | | |
| | 27 | 24.0 ± 10.0 | | |
Edwards Mira | Bileaflet | 19 | | 18.2 ± 5.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| | 21 | | 13.3 ± 4.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | | 14.7 ± 2.8 | 1.6 ± 0.6 |
| | 25 | | 13.1 ± 3.8 | 1.9 |
MCRI On-X | Bileaflet | 19 | 21.3 ± 10.8 | 11.8 ± 3.4 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
| | 21 | 16.4 ± 5.9 | 9.9 ± 3.6 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 15.9 ± 6.4 | 8.6 ± 3.4 | 1.9 ± 0.6 |
| | 25 | 16.5 ± 10.2 | 6.9 ± 4.3 | 2.4 ± 0.6 |
Medtronic Advantage | Bileaflet | 23 | | 10.4 ± 3.1 | 2.2 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | | 9.0 ± 3.7 | 2.8 ± 0.6 |
| | 27 | | 7.6 ± 3.6 | 3.3 ± 0.7 |
| | 29 | | 6.1 ± 3.8 | 3.9 ±0.7 |
Medtronic Hall | Single tilting disc | 20 | 34.4 ± 13.1 | 17.1 ± 5.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 |
| | 21 | 26.9 ± 10.5 | 14.1 ± 5.9 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| | 23 | 26.9 ± 8.9 | 13.5 ± 4.8 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 17.1 ± 7.0 | 9.5 ± 4.3 | 1.5 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | 18.9 ± 9.7 | 8.7 ± 5.6 | 1.9 ± 0.2 |
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley | Single tilting disc | 19 | | 27.4 ± 8.8 | |
| | 21 | 27.5 ± 3.1 | 20.5 ± 6.2 | |
| | 23 | 20.3 ± 0.7 | 17.4 ± 6.4 | |
| | 25 | | 16.1 ± 4.9 | |
| | 27 | | 11.4 ± 3.8 | |
Omnicarbon | Single tilting disc | 21 | 37.4 ± 12.8 | 20.4 ± 5.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 |
| | 23 | 28.8 ± 9.1 | 17.4 ± 4.9 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
| | 25 | 23.7 ± 8.1 | 13.2 ± 4.6 | 1.9 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | 20.1 ± 4.2 | 12.4 ± 2.9 | 2.1 ± 0.4 |
Omniscience | Single tilting disc | 21 | 50.8 ± 2.8 | 28.2 ± 2.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
| | 23 | 39.8 ± 8.7 | 20.1 ± 5.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
Sorin Bicarbon | Bileaflet | 19 | 30.1 ± 4.5 | 16.7 ± 2.0 | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 22.0 ± 7.1 | 10.0 ± 3.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 16.8 ± 6.1 | 7.7 ± 3.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
| | 25 | 11.2 ± 3.1 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 0.3 |
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus | Bileaflet | 19 | 28.5 ± 10.7 | 17.0 ± 7.8 | 1.9 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 16.3 ± 17.0 | 10.6 ± 5.1 | 1.8 ± 0.5 |
| | 23 | 16.8 ± 7.3 | 12.1 ± 4.2 | 1.7 ± 0.5 |
St. Jude Medical Regent | Bileaflet | 19 | 20.6 ± 12 | 11.0 ± 4.9 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 21 | 15.6 ± 9.4 | 8.0 ± 4.8 | 2.0 ± 0.7 |
| | 23 | 12.8 ± 6.8 | 6.9 ± 3.5 | 2.3 ± 0.9 |
| | 25 | 11.7 ± 6.8 | 5.6 ± 3.2 | 2.5 ± 0.8 |
| | 27 | 7.9 ± 5.5 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 0.5 |
St. Jude Medical Standard | Bileaflet | 19 | 42.0 ± 10.0 | 24.5 ± 5.8 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| | 21 | 25.7 ± 9.5 | 15.2 ± 5.0 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| | 23 | 21.8 ± 7.5 | 13.4 ± 5.6 | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| | 25 | 18.9 ± 7.3 | 11.0 ± 5.3 | 1.9 ± 0.5 |
| | 27 | 13.7 ± 4.2 | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 2.5 ± 0.4 |
| | 29 | 13.5 ± 5.8 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 2.8 ± 0.5 |
Starr Edwards | Caged ball | 23 | 32.6 ± 12.8 | 22.0 ± 9.0 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| | 24 | 34.1 ± 10.3 | 22.1 ± 7.5 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| | 26 | 31.8 ± 9.0 | 19.7 ± 6.1 | |
| | 27 | 30.8 ± 6.3 | 18.5 ± 3.7 | |
| | 29 | 29.0 ± 9.3 | 16.3 ± 5.5 | |
Normal values for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prothesis
Valve | Size | Day | Peak Gradient (mmHg) | Mean Gradient (mmHg) | Peak Velocity (m/s) | Effective orifice area (cm²) |
Sapien | 23 | Discharge | 11.90 ± 3.60 | 8.13 ± 4.29 | 2.20 ± 0.30 | 1.55 ± 0.34 |
| 23 | 1 year | 21.20 ± 11.90 | 12.50 ± 6.90 | 2.20 ± 0.60 | 1.67 ± 0.46 |
| 26 | Discharge | 9.50 ± 5.20 | 6.12 ± 3.17 | 1.90 ± 0.40 | 1.84 ± 0.42 |
| 26 | 1 year | 13.90 ± 8.00 | 7.90 ± 4.10 | 1.80 ± 0.50 | 2.00 ± 0.65 |
Sapien III | 20 | 30 days | | 16.70 ± 5.60 | | 1.20 ± 0.20 |
| 23 | Discharge | | 11.23 ± 5.99 | | 1.52 ± 0.27 |
| 23 | 30 days | | 13.00 ± 5.40 | | 1.50± 0.30 |
| 26 | Discharge | | 9.55 ± 3.60 | | 1.84 ± 0.32 |
| 29 | Discharge | | 8.65 ± 3.19 | | 2.23 ± 0.41 |
| 29 | 30 days | | 9.20 ± 3.10 | | 1.90 ± 0.40 |
Sapien XT | 20 | Discharge | | 12.19 ± 5.16 | | 1.50 ± 0.30 |
| 23 | Discharge | 19.70 ± 6.50 | 10.36 ± 4.48 | | 1.48 ± 0.38 |
| 26 | Discharge | | 8.51 ± 5.33 | | 1.86 ± 0.56 |
| 29 | Discharge | | 9.35 ± 4.84 | | 2.24 ± 0.79 |
| 29 | 30 days | 15.40 ± 6.70 | 8.30 ± 3.50 | | 2.50 ± 4.00 |
| 29 | 6 month | 15.80 ± 6.70 | 8.30 ± 3.00 | | 1.90 ± 0.50 |
| 29 | 1 year | 18.00 ± 7.80 | 9.10 ± 4.00 | | 2.00 ± 0.60 |
Portico | 23 | Discharge | 18.60 ± 8.90 | 10.08 ± 2.63 | | 1.38 ± 0.27 |
| 23 | 30 days | | 10.90 ± 3.80 | | 1.30 ± 0.20 |
Corevalve | 26 | Discharge | | 7.80 ± 3.00 | 1.80 ± 0.30 | 1.83 ± 0.57 |
| 26 | 1 year | 11.90 ± 5.70 | 6.80 ± 3.30 | 1.70 ± 0.40 | 1.90 ± 0.53 |
| 29 | Discharge | 14.60 ± 6.60 | 8.50 ± 3.70 | 1.87 ± 0.43 | 2.24 ± 0.79 |
| 29 | 1 year | 14.80 ± 7.40 | 8.30 ± 3.80 | 1.90 ± 0.50 | 2.11 ± 0.42 |
Lotus | 23 | 30 days | | 13.50 ± 3.20 | | |
| 25 | 30 days | | 11.70 ± 5.30 | | |
| 27 | 30 days | | 11.80 ± 4.30 | | |
Engager | 23 | Discharge | | 12.60 ± 5.90 | | |
Normal values for Mitral Valve Biologic Prothesis
Valve | Type | Size (mm) | Peak Gradient (mmHg) | Mean Gradient(mmHg) | Peak Velocity (m/s) | Pressure Half Time (ms) | Effective Orifice Area (cm²) |
Biocor | Stentless | 27 | 13 ± 1 | | | | |
| | 29 | 14 ± 2.5 | | | | |
| | 31 | 11.5 ± 0.5 | | | | |
| | 33 | 12 ± 0.5 | | | | |
Bioflo pericardial | Stented | 25 | 10 ± 2 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | | | 2.0 ± 0.1 |
| | 27 | 9.5 ± 2.6 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | | | 2.0± 0.3 |
| | 29 | 5 ± 2.8 | 3.6 ± 1 | | | 2.4 ± 0.2 |
| | 31 | 4.0 | 2.0 | | | 2.3 |
Carpentier-Edwards | Stented | 27 | | 6 ± 2 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 98 ± 28 | |
| | 29 | | 4.7 ± 2 | 1.76 ± 0.27 | 92 ± 14 | |
| | 31 | | 4.4 ± 2 | 1.54 ± 0.15 | 92 ± 19 | |
| | 33 | | 6 ± 3 | | 93 ± 12 | |
Carpentier-Edwards pericardial | Stented | 27 | | 3.6 | 1.6 | 100 | |
| | 29 | | 5.25 ± 2.36 | 1.67 ± 0.3 | 110 ± 15 | |
| | 31 | | 4.05 ± 0.83 | 1.53 ± 0.1 | 90 ± 11 | |
| | 23 | | 1.0 | 0.8 | 80 | |
Hancock I (or NOS) | Stented | 27 | 10 ± 4 | 5 ± 2 | | | 1.3 ± 0.8 |
| | 29 | 7 ± 3 | 2.46 ± 0.79 | | 115 ± 20 | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
| | 31 | 4 ± 0.86 | 4.86 ± 1.69 | | 95 ± 17 | 1.6 ± 0.2 |
| | 33 | 3 ± 2 | 3.87 ± 2 | | 90 ± 12 | 1.9 ± 0.2 |
Hancock II | Stented | 27 | | | | | 2.21 ± 0.14 |
| | 29 | | | | | 2.77 ± 0.11 |
| | 31 | | | | | 2.84 ± 0.1 |
| | 33 | | | | | 3.15 ± 0.22 |
Hancock pericardial | Stented | 29 | | 2.61 ± 1.39 | 1.42 ± 0.14 | 105 ± 36 | |
| | 31 | | 3.57 ± 1.02 | 1.51 ± 0.27 | 81 ± 23 | |
Ionescu-Shiley | Stented | 25 | | 4.87 ± 1.08 | 1.43 ± 0.15 | 93 ± 11 | |
| | 27 | | 3.21 ± 0.82 | 1.31 ± 0.24 | 100 ± 28 | |
| | 29 | | 3.22 ± 0.57 | 1.38 ± 0.2 | 85 ± 8 | |
| | 31 | | 3.63 ± 0.9 | 1.45 ± 0.06 | 100 ± 36 | |
Ionescu-Shiley low profile | Stented | 29 | | 3.31 ± 0.96 | 1.36 ± 0.25 | 80 ± 30 | |
| | 31 | | 2.74 ± 0.37 | 1.33 ± 0.14 | 79 ± 15 | |
Labcor-Santiago pericardial | Stented | 25 | 8.7 | 4.5 | | 97 | 2.2 |
| | 27 | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | | 85 ± 18 | 2.12 ± 0.48 |
| | 29 | 6.2 ± 2.1 | 3 ± 1.3 | | 80 ± 34 | 2.11 ± 0.73 |
Medtronic Intact Porcine | Stented | 29 | | 3.5 ± 0.51 | 1.6 ± 0.22 | | |
| | 31 | | 4.2 ± 1.44 | 1.6 ± 0.26 | | |
| | 33 | | 4 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 0.24 | | |
| | 35 | | 3.2 ± 1.77 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | | |
Mitroflow | Stented | 25 | | 6.9 | 2.0 | 90 | |
| | 27 | | 3.07 ± 0.91 | 1.5 | 90 ± 20 | |
| | 29 | | 3.5 ± 1.65 | 1.43 ± 0.29 | 102 ± 21 | |
| | 31 | | 3.85 ± 0.81 | 1.32 ± 0.26 | 91 ± 22 | |
Quadrileaflet bovine pericardial | Stentless | 26 | | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 1.6 | 103 ± 31 | 1.7 |
| | 28 | | | 1.58 ± 0.25 | | 1.7 ± 0.6 |
| | 30 | | | 1.42 ± 0.32 | | 2.3 ± 0.4 |
Wessex | Stented | 29 | | 3.69 ± 0.61 | 1.66 ± 0.17 | 83 ± 19 | |
| | 31 | | 3.31 ± 0.83 | 1.41 ± 0.25 | 80 ± 21 | |
Normal values for Mitral Valve Mechanical Prothesis
Valve | Type | Size (mm) | Peak Gradient(mmHg) | Mean Gradient (mmHg) | Peak Velocity (m/s) | Pressure Half Time (ms) | Effective Orifice Area (cm2) |
Bjork-Shiley | Tilting disc | 23 | | | 1.7 | 115 | |
| | 25 | 12 ± 4 | 6 ± 2 | 1.75 ± 0.38 | 99 ± 27 | 1.72 ± 0.6 |
| | 27 | 10 ± 4 | 5 ± 2 | 1.6 ± 0.49 | 89 ± 28 | 1.81 ± 0.54 |
| | 29 | 7.83 ± 2.93 | 2.83 ± 1.27 | 1.37 ± 0.25 | 79 ± 17 | 2.1 ± 0.43 |
| | 31 | 6 ± 3 | 2 ± 1.9 | 1.41 ± 0.26 | 70 ± 14 | 2.2 ± 0.3 |
Bjork-Shiley monostrut | Tilting disc | 23 | | 5.0 | 1.9 | | |
| | 25 | 13 ± 2.5 | 5.57 ± 2.3 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | | |
| | 27 | 12 ± 2.5 | 4.53 ± 2.2 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | | |
| | 29 | 13 ± 3 | 4.26 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | | |
| | 31 | 14 ± 4.5 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | | |
Carbomedics | Bileaflet | 23 | | | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 126 ± 7 | |
| | 25 | 10.3 ± 2.3 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 93 ± 8 | 2.9 ± 0.8 |
| | 27 | 8.79 ± 3.46 | 3.46 ± 1.03 | 1.61 ± 0.3 | 89 ± 20 | 2.9 ± 0.75 |
| | 29 | 8.78 ± 2.9 | 3.39 ± 0.97 | 1.52 ± 0.3 | 88 ± 17 | 2.3 ± 0.4 |
| | 31 | 8.87 ± 2.34 | 3.32 ± 0.87 | 1.61 ± 0.29 | 92 ± 24 | 2.8 ± 1.14 |
| | 33 | 8.8 ± 2.2 | 4.8 ± 2.5 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 93 ± 12 | |
Duromedics | Bileaflet | 27 | 13 ± 6 | 5 ± 3 | 1.61 ± 0.4 | 75 ± 12 | |
| | 29 | 10 ± 4 | 3 ± 1 | 1.40 ± 0.25 | 85 ± 22 | |
| | 31 | 10.5 ± 4.33 | 3.3 ± 1.36 | 1.38 ± 0.27 | 81 ± 12 | |
| | 33 | 11.2 | 2.5 | | 85 | |
Lillehei-Kaster | Tilting disc | 18 | | | 1.7 | 140 | |
| | 20 | | | 1.7 | 67 | |
| | 22 | | | 1.56 ± 0.09 | 94 ± 22 | |
| | 25 | | | 1.38 ± 0.27 | 124 ± 46 | |
Medtronic Hall | Tilting disc | 27 | | | 1.4 | 78 | |
| | 29 | | | 1.57 ± 0.1 | 69 ± 15 | |
| | 31 | | | 1.45 ± 0.12 | 77 ± 17 | |
Omnicarbon | Tilting disc | 23 | | 8.0 | | | |
| | 25 | | 6.05 ± 1.81 | 1.77 ± 0.24 | 102 ± 16 | |
| | 27 | | 4.89 ± 2.05 | 1.63 ± 0.36 | 105 ± 33 | |
| | 29 | | 4.93 ± 2.16 | 1.56 ± 0.27 | 120 ± 40 | |
| | 31 | | 4.18 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 0.23 | 134 ± 31 | |
| | 33 | | 4 ± 2 | | | |
On-X | Bileaflet | 25 | 11.5 ± 3.2 | 5.3 ± 2.1 | | | 1.9 ± 1.1 |
| | 27 | 10.3 ± 4.5 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | | | 2.2 ± 0.5 |
| | 29 | 10.3 ± 4.5 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | | | 2.2 ± 0.5 |
| | 31 | 9.8 ± 3.8 | 4.8 ± 2.4 | | | 2.5 ± 1.1 |
| | 33 | 9.8 ± 3.8 | 4.8 ± 2.4 | | | 2.5 ± 1.1 |
Sorin Allcarbon | Tilting disc | 25 | 15 ± 0.25 | 4 ± 0.5 | 1.95 ± 0.02 | 70 ± 1 | |
| | 27 | 11 ± 2.75 | 4 ± 0.5 | 1.65 ± 0.21 | 82 ± 20 | |
| | 29 | 12 ± 3 | 4 ± 1.25 | 1.73 ± 0.22 | 80 ± 14 | |
| | 31 | 10 ± 1.5 | 4 ± 1 | 1.66 ± 0.11 | 83 ± 14 | |
St. Jude Medical | Bileaflet | 23 | | 4.0 | 1.5 | 160 | 1.0 |
| | 25 | | 2.5 ± 1 | 1.34 ± 1.12 | 75 ± 4 | 1.35 ± 0.17 |
| | 27 | 11 ± 4 | 5 ± 1.82 | 1.61 ± 0.29 | 75 ± 10 | 1.67 ± 0.17 |
| | 29 | 10 ± 3 | 4.15 ± 1.8 | 1.57 ± 0.29 | 85 ± 10 | 1.75 ± 0.24 |
| | 31 | 12 ± 6 | 4.46 ± 2.22 | 1.59 ± 0.33 | 74 ± 13 | 2.03 ± 0.32 |
Starr-Edwards | Caged ball | 26 | | 10.0 | | | 1.4 |
| | 28 | | 7 ± 2.75 | | | 1.9 ± 0.57 |
| | 30 | 12.2 ± 4.6 | 6.99 ± 2.5 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 125 ± 25 | 1.65 ± 0.4 |
| | 32 | 11.5 ± 4.2 | 5.08 ± 2.5 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 110 ± 25 | 1.98 ± 0.4 |
| | 34 | | 5.0 | | | 2.6 |
References
JASE,2009,sept;22(9):975-1014
JACC,2012,vol.5,no.4,2012