Valves

Prosthetic valves

Normal Values for Aortic Valve Biologic Prothesis

Valve Type Size (mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) EOA (cm2)
Baxter Perimount Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.5 ± 8.5 19.5 ± 5.5 1.3 ± 0.2
    21 24.9 ± 7.7 13.8 ± 4.0 1.3 ± 0.3
    23 19.9 ± 7.4 11.5 ± 3.9 1.6 ± 0.3
    25 16.5 ± 7.8 10.7 ± 3.8 1.6 ± 0.4
    27 12.8 ± 5.4 4.8 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 0.4
Biocor Stented porcine 23 30.0 ± 10.7 20 ± 6.6 1.3 ± 0.3
    25 23.0 ± 7.9 16 ± 5.1 1.7 ± 0.4
    27 22.0 ± 6.5 15.0 ± 3.7 2.2 ± 0.4
Bioflo Stented bovine pericardial 19 37.2 ± 8.8 26.4 ± 5.5 0.7 ± 0.1
    21 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5 1.1 ± 0.1
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial Stented bovine pericardial 19 32.1 ± 3.4 24.2 ± 8.6 1.2 ± 0.3
    21 25.7 ± 9.9 20.3 ± 9.1 1.5 ± 0.4
    23 21.7 ± 8.6 13.0 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 0.3
    25 16.5 ± 5.4 9.0 ± 2.3  
Carpentier Edwards Perimount Stended 19 32.5 ± 8.5 19.5 ± 5.5  
    21 24.9 ± 7.7 13.8 ± 4.0  
    23 19.9 ± 7.4 11.5 ± 3.9  
    25 16.5 ± 7.8 10.7 ± 3.8  
    27 12.8 ± 5.4 4.8 ± 2.2  
Carpentier Edwards Standard Stented porcine 19 43.5 ± 12.7 25.6 ± 8.0 0.9 ± 0.2
    21 27.7 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2 1.5 ± 0.3
    23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2 1.7 ± 0.5
    25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5
    27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5 2.3 ± 0.6
    29   9.9 ± 2.9 2.8 ± 0.5
Carpentier Supra-Annular Stented porcine 19 34.1 ± 2.7   1.1 ± 0.1
    21 28.0 ± 10.5 17.5 ± 3.8 1.4 ± 0.9
    23 25.3 ± 10.5 13.4 ± 4.5 1.6 ± 0.6
    25 24.4 ± 7.6 13.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.4
    27 16.7 ± 4.7 8.8 ± 2.8 1.9 ± 0.7
Cryolife Stentless 19   9.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 0.3
    21   6.6 ± 2.9 1.7 ± 0.4
    23   6.0 ± 2.3 2.3 ± 0.2
    25   6.1 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2
    27   4.0 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 0.3
Edwards Intuity Sutureless 19   25.0 ± 2.4 1.3 ± 0.2
    21   10.7 ± 3.3 1.6 ± 0.2
    23   10.6 ± 3.5 1.8 ± 0.2
    25   9.9 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.2
    27   9.0 ± 3.8 1.8 ± 0.2
Edwards Magna Ease Stended 19   14.9 ± 3.9 1.19 ± 0.44
    21   15.1 ± 6.5 1.26 ± 0.32
    23   12.4 ± 4.5 1.68 ± 0.34
    25   12.3 ± 4.8 1.77 ± 0.37
    27   9.4 ± 4.0 2.05 ± 0.36
Extended Biocor Stentless 19 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
    21 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
    23 14.7 ± 7.3 7.7 ± 3.8 1.7 ± 0.4
    25 14.0 ± 4.3 7.4 ± 2.5 1.8 ± 0.4
Hancock Stented porcine 21 18.0 ± 6.0 12.0 ± 2.0  
    23 16.0 ± 2.0 11.0 ± 2.0  
    25 15.0 ± 3.0 10.0 ± 3.0  
Hancock II Stented porcine 21   14.8 ± 4.1 1.3 ± 0.4
    23 34.0 ± 13.0 16.6 ± 8.5 1.3 ± 0.4
    25 22.0 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.4
    29 16.2 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 1.7 1.6 ± 0.2
Homograft Homograft valves ?? ?? ?? ??
Intact Stented porcine 19 40.4 ± 15.4 24.5 ± 9.3  
    21 40.9 ± 15.6 19.6 ± 8.1 1.6 ± 0.4
    23 32.7 ± 9.6 19.0 ± 6.1 1.6 ± 0.4
    25 29.7 ± 15.0 17.7 ± 7.9 1.7 ± 0.3
    27 25.0 ± 7.6 15.0 ± 4.5  
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bovine pericardial 17 23.8 ± 3.4   0.9 ± 0.1
    19 19.7 ± 5.9 13.3 ± 3.9 1.1 ± 0.1
    21 26.6 ± 9.0    
    23   15.6 ± 4.4  
Labcor Santiago Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.1
    21 17.5 ± 6.6 8.2 ± 4.5 1.3 ± 0.1
    23 14.8 ± 5.2 7.8 ± 2.9 1.8 ± 0.2
    25 12.3 ± 3.4 6.8 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.3
Labcor Synergy Stented porcine 21 24.3 ± 8.1 13.3 ± 4.2 1.1 ± 0.3
    23 27.3 ± 13.7 15.3 ± 6.9 1.4 ± 0.4
    25 22.5 ± 11.9 13.2 ± 6.4 1.5 ± 0.4
    27 17.8 ± 7.0 10.6 ± 4.6 1.8 ± 0.5
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 19   13.0 ± 3.9  
    21   9.1 ± 5.1 1.4 ± 0.3
    23 11.0 ± 4.0 8.1 ± 4.6 1.7 ± 0.5
    25   5.3 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 0.5
    27   4.6 ± 3.1 2.5 ± 0.1
Medtronic Mosaic Stented porcine 21   14.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
    23 23.8 ± 11.0 13.7 ± 4.8 1.5 ± 0.4
    25 22.5 ± 10.0 11.7 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5
    27   10.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.1
    29   11.1 ± 4.3 2.1 ± 0.2
Mitroflow Stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.3 13.1 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2
Prima Stentless 21 28.8 ± 6.0 13.7 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.7
    23 21.5 ± 7.5 11.5 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3
    25 22.1 ± 12.5 11.6 ± 7.2 1.8 ± 0.5
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 19 36.5 ± 9.0 28.9 ± 7.3 1.2 ± 0.5
    21 28.0 ± 13.3 23.8 ± 11.1 1.3 ± 0.6
    23 27.5 ± 11.5 23.2 ± 7.6 1.5 ± 0.5
Sorin Crown Stended 19 18.7 ± 5.1 10.3 ± 3.0 1.13 ± 0.17
    21 20.2 15.4  
    23 14.04 ± 4.91 7.56 ± 3.38  
    25 17.0 ± 11.31 10.8 ± 6.51  
    27 13.0 ± 3.0 6.57 ± 1.7  
St. Jude Medical Stentless 21 22.6 ± 14.5 10.7 ± 7.2 1.3 ± 0.6
    23 16.2 ± 9.0 8.2 ± 4.7 1.6 ± 0.6
    25 12.7 ± 8.2 6.3 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.5
    27 10.1 ± 5.8 5.0 ± 2.9 2.0 ± 0.3
    29 7.7 ± 4.4 4.1 ± 2.4 2.4 ± 0.6
St Jude Medial Epic Stended 19 43.5 ± 12.7 25.6 ± 8.0  
    21 27.2 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2  
    23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2  
    25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6  
    27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5  
    29   9.9 ± 2.9  
St Jude Medical Perceval Sutureless 21 22.6 ± 10.6 10.9 ± 5.1 1.40 ± 0.37
    23 21.1 ± 8.4 10.5 ± 4.5 1.52 ± 0.41
    25 17.9 ± 6.5 9.5 ± 3.8 1.49 ± 0.35

Normal values for Aortic Valve Mechanical Prothesis

Valve Type Size (mm) Peak Gradient (mmHg) Mean Gradient (mmHg) Effective Orifice Area (cm²)
ATS Bileaflet 19 47.0 ± 12.6 25.3 ± 8 1.1 ± 0.3
    21 23.7 ± 6.8 15.9 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.5
    23   14.4 ± 4.9 1.7 ± 0.5
    25   11.3 ± 3.7 2.1 ± 0.7
    27   8.4 ± 3.7 2.5 ± 0.1
    29   8.0 ± 3.0 3.1 ± 0.8
    18   21.0 ± 1.8 1.2 ± 0.3
    20 21.4 ± 4.2 11.1 ± 3.5 1.3 ± 0.3
    22 18.7 ± 8.3 10.5 ± 4.5 1.7 ± 0.4
    24 15.1 ± 5.6 7.5 ± 3.1 2.0 ± 0.6
    26   6.0 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.4
Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 21 38.9 ± 11.9 21.8 ± 3.4 1.1 ± 0.3
    23 28.8 ± 11.2 15.7 ± 5.3 1.3 ± 0.3
    25 23.7 ± 8.2 13.0 ± 5.0 1.5 ± 0.4
    27   10.0 ± 2.0 1.6 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Reduced Bileaflet 19 43.4 ± 1.2 24.4 ± 1.2 1.2 ± 0.1
Carbomedics Standard Bileaflet 19 38.0 ± 12.8 18.9 ± 8.3 1.0 ± 0.3
    21 26.8 ± 10.1 12.9 ± 5.4 1.5 ± 0.4
    23 22.5 ± 7.4 11.0 ± 4.6 1.4 ± 0.3
    25 19.6 ± 7.8 9.1 ± 3.5 1.8 ± 0.4
    27 17.5 ± 7.1 7.9 ± 3.2 2.2 ± 0.2
    29 9.1 ± 4.7 5.6 ± 3.0 3.2 ± 1.6
Carbomedics Tophat Bileaflet 21 30.2 ± 10.9 14.9 ± 5.4 1.2 ± 0.3
    23 24.2 ± 7.6 12.5 ± 4.4 1.4 ± 0.4
    25   9.5 ± 2.9 1.6 ± 0.32
Edwards Duromedics Bileaflet 21 39.0 ± 13    
    23 32.0 ± 8.0    
    25 26.0 ± 10.0    
    27 24.0 ± 10.0    
Edwards Mira Bileaflet 19   18.2 ± 5.3 1.2 ± 0.4
    21   13.3 ± 4.3 1.6 ± 0.4
    23   14.7 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.6
    25   13.1 ± 3.8 1.9
MCRI On-X Bileaflet 19 21.3 ± 10.8 11.8 ± 3.4 1.5 ± 0.2
    21 16.4 ± 5.9 9.9 ± 3.6 1.7 ± 0.4
    23 15.9 ± 6.4 8.6 ± 3.4 1.9 ± 0.6
    25 16.5 ± 10.2 6.9 ± 4.3 2.4 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage Bileaflet 23   10.4 ± 3.1 2.2 ± 0.3
    25   9.0 ± 3.7 2.8 ± 0.6
    27   7.6 ± 3.6 3.3 ± 0.7
    29   6.1 ± 3.8 3.9 ±0.7
Medtronic Hall Single tilting disc 20 34.4 ± 13.1 17.1 ± 5.3 1.2 ± 0.5
    21 26.9 ± 10.5 14.1 ± 5.9 1.1 ± 0.2
    23 26.9 ± 8.9 13.5 ± 4.8 1.4 ± 0.4
    25 17.1 ± 7.0 9.5 ± 4.3 1.5 ± 0.5
    27 18.9 ± 9.7 8.7 ± 5.6 1.9 ± 0.2
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley Single tilting disc 19   27.4 ± 8.8  
    21 27.5 ± 3.1 20.5 ± 6.2  
    23 20.3 ± 0.7 17.4 ± 6.4  
    25   16.1 ± 4.9  
    27   11.4 ± 3.8  
Omnicarbon Single tilting disc 21 37.4 ± 12.8 20.4 ± 5.4 1.3 ± 0.5
    23 28.8 ± 9.1 17.4 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3
    25 23.7 ± 8.1 13.2 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5
    27 20.1 ± 4.2 12.4 ± 2.9 2.1 ± 0.4
Omniscience Single tilting disc 21 50.8 ± 2.8 28.2 ± 2.2 0.9 ± 0.1
    23 39.8 ± 8.7 20.1 ± 5.1 1.0 ± 0.1
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet 19 30.1 ± 4.5 16.7 ± 2.0 1.4 ± 0.1
    21 22.0 ± 7.1 10.0 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.4
    23 16.8 ± 6.1 7.7 ± 3.3 1.5 ± 0.2
    25 11.2 ± 3.1 5.6 ± 1.6 2.4 ± 0.3
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus Bileaflet 19 28.5 ± 10.7 17.0 ± 7.8 1.9 ± 0.1
    21 16.3 ± 17.0 10.6 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5
    23 16.8 ± 7.3 12.1 ± 4.2 1.7 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Regent Bileaflet 19 20.6 ± 12 11.0 ± 4.9 1.6 ± 0.4
    21 15.6 ± 9.4 8.0 ± 4.8 2.0 ± 0.7
    23 12.8 ± 6.8 6.9 ± 3.5 2.3 ± 0.9
    25 11.7 ± 6.8 5.6 ± 3.2 2.5 ± 0.8
    27 7.9 ± 5.5 3.5 ± 1.7 3.6 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard Bileaflet 19 42.0 ± 10.0 24.5 ± 5.8 1.5 ± 0.1
    21 25.7 ± 9.5 15.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
    23 21.8 ± 7.5 13.4 ± 5.6 1.6 ± 0.4
    25 18.9 ± 7.3 11.0 ± 5.3 1.9 ± 0.5
    27 13.7 ± 4.2 8.4 ± 3.4 2.5 ± 0.4
    29 13.5 ± 5.8 7.0 ± 1.7 2.8 ± 0.5
Starr Edwards Caged ball 23 32.6 ± 12.8 22.0 ± 9.0 1.1 ± 0.2
    24 34.1 ± 10.3 22.1 ± 7.5 1.1 ± 0.3
    26 31.8 ± 9.0 19.7 ± 6.1  
    27 30.8 ± 6.3 18.5 ± 3.7  
    29 29.0 ± 9.3 16.3 ± 5.5  

Normal values for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prothesis

Valve Size Day Peak Gradient (mmHg) Mean Gradient (mmHg) Peak Velocity (m/s) Effective orifice area (cm²)
Sapien 23 Discharge 11.90 ± 3.60 8.13 ± 4.29 2.20 ± 0.30 1.55 ± 0.34
  23 1 year 21.20 ± 11.90 12.50 ± 6.90 2.20 ± 0.60 1.67 ± 0.46
  26 Discharge 9.50 ± 5.20 6.12 ± 3.17 1.90 ± 0.40 1.84 ± 0.42
  26 1 year 13.90 ± 8.00 7.90 ± 4.10 1.80 ± 0.50 2.00 ± 0.65
Sapien III 20 30 days   16.70 ± 5.60   1.20 ± 0.20
  23 Discharge   11.23 ± 5.99   1.52 ± 0.27
  23 30 days   13.00 ± 5.40   1.50± 0.30
  26 Discharge   9.55 ± 3.60   1.84 ± 0.32
  29 Discharge   8.65 ± 3.19   2.23 ± 0.41
  29 30 days   9.20 ± 3.10   1.90 ± 0.40
Sapien XT 20 Discharge   12.19 ± 5.16   1.50 ± 0.30
  23 Discharge 19.70 ± 6.50 10.36 ± 4.48   1.48 ± 0.38
  26 Discharge   8.51 ± 5.33   1.86 ± 0.56
  29 Discharge   9.35 ± 4.84   2.24 ± 0.79
  29 30 days 15.40 ± 6.70 8.30 ± 3.50   2.50 ± 4.00
  29 6 month 15.80 ± 6.70 8.30 ± 3.00   1.90 ± 0.50
  29 1 year 18.00 ± 7.80 9.10 ± 4.00   2.00 ± 0.60
Portico 23 Discharge 18.60 ± 8.90 10.08 ± 2.63   1.38 ± 0.27
  23 30 days   10.90 ± 3.80   1.30 ± 0.20
Corevalve 26 Discharge   7.80 ± 3.00 1.80 ± 0.30 1.83 ± 0.57
  26 1 year 11.90 ± 5.70 6.80 ± 3.30 1.70 ± 0.40 1.90 ± 0.53
  29 Discharge 14.60 ± 6.60 8.50 ± 3.70 1.87 ± 0.43 2.24 ± 0.79
  29 1 year 14.80 ± 7.40 8.30 ± 3.80 1.90 ± 0.50 2.11 ± 0.42
Lotus 23 30 days   13.50 ± 3.20    
  25 30 days   11.70 ± 5.30    
  27 30 days   11.80 ± 4.30    
Engager 23 Discharge   12.60 ± 5.90    

Normal values for Mitral Valve Biologic Prothesis

Valve Type Size (mm) Peak Gradient (mmHg) Mean Gradient(mmHg) Peak Velocity (m/s) Pressure Half Time (ms) Effective Orifice Area (cm²)
Biocor Stentless 27 13 ± 1        
    29 14 ± 2.5        
    31 11.5 ± 0.5        
    33 12 ± 0.5        
Bioflo pericardial Stented 25 10 ± 2 6.3 ± 1.5     2.0 ± 0.1
    27 9.5 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 1.2     2.0± 0.3
    29 5 ± 2.8 3.6 ± 1     2.4 ± 0.2
    31 4.0 2.0     2.3
Carpentier-Edwards Stented 27   6 ± 2 1.7 ± 0.3 98 ± 28  
    29   4.7 ± 2 1.76 ± 0.27 92 ± 14  
    31   4.4 ± 2 1.54 ± 0.15 92 ± 19  
    33   6 ± 3   93 ± 12  
Carpentier-Edwards pericardial Stented 27   3.6 1.6 100  
    29   5.25 ± 2.36 1.67 ± 0.3 110 ± 15  
    31   4.05 ± 0.83 1.53 ± 0.1 90 ± 11  
    23   1.0 0.8 80  
Hancock I (or NOS) Stented 27 10 ± 4 5 ± 2     1.3 ± 0.8
    29 7 ± 3 2.46 ± 0.79   115 ± 20 1.5 ± 0.2
    31 4 ± 0.86 4.86 ± 1.69   95 ± 17 1.6 ± 0.2
    33 3 ± 2 3.87 ± 2   90 ± 12 1.9 ± 0.2
Hancock II Stented 27         2.21 ± 0.14
    29         2.77 ± 0.11
    31         2.84 ± 0.1
    33         3.15 ± 0.22
Hancock pericardial Stented 29   2.61 ± 1.39 1.42 ± 0.14 105 ± 36  
    31   3.57 ± 1.02 1.51 ± 0.27 81 ± 23  
Ionescu-Shiley Stented 25   4.87 ± 1.08 1.43 ± 0.15 93 ± 11  
    27   3.21 ± 0.82 1.31 ± 0.24 100 ± 28  
    29   3.22 ± 0.57 1.38 ± 0.2 85 ± 8  
    31   3.63 ± 0.9 1.45 ± 0.06 100 ± 36  
Ionescu-Shiley low profile Stented 29   3.31 ± 0.96 1.36 ± 0.25 80 ± 30  
    31   2.74 ± 0.37 1.33 ± 0.14 79 ± 15  
Labcor-Santiago pericardial Stented 25 8.7 4.5   97 2.2
    27 5.6 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 1.5   85 ± 18 2.12 ± 0.48
    29 6.2 ± 2.1 3 ± 1.3   80 ± 34 2.11 ± 0.73
Medtronic Intact Porcine Stented 29   3.5 ± 0.51 1.6 ± 0.22    
    31   4.2 ± 1.44 1.6 ± 0.26    
    33   4 ± 1.3 1.4 ± 0.24    
    35   3.2 ± 1.77 1.3 ± 0.5    
Mitroflow Stented 25   6.9 2.0 90  
    27   3.07 ± 0.91 1.5 90 ± 20  
    29   3.5 ± 1.65 1.43 ± 0.29 102 ± 21  
    31   3.85 ± 0.81 1.32 ± 0.26 91 ± 22  
Quadrileaflet bovine pericardial Stentless 26   2.2 ± 1.7 1.6 103 ± 31 1.7
    28     1.58 ± 0.25   1.7 ± 0.6
    30     1.42 ± 0.32   2.3 ± 0.4
Wessex Stented 29   3.69 ± 0.61 1.66 ± 0.17 83 ± 19  
    31   3.31 ± 0.83 1.41 ± 0.25 80 ± 21  

Normal values for Mitral Valve Mechanical Prothesis

Valve Type Size (mm) Peak Gradient(mmHg) Mean Gradient (mmHg) Peak Velocity (m/s) Pressure Half Time (ms) Effective Orifice Area (cm2)
Bjork-Shiley Tilting disc 23     1.7 115  
    25 12 ± 4 6 ± 2 1.75 ± 0.38 99 ± 27 1.72 ± 0.6
    27 10 ± 4 5 ± 2 1.6 ± 0.49 89 ± 28 1.81 ± 0.54
    29 7.83 ± 2.93 2.83 ± 1.27 1.37 ± 0.25 79 ± 17 2.1 ± 0.43
    31 6 ± 3 2 ± 1.9 1.41 ± 0.26 70 ± 14 2.2 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley monostrut Tilting disc 23   5.0 1.9    
    25 13 ± 2.5 5.57 ± 2.3 1.8 ± 0.3    
    27 12 ± 2.5 4.53 ± 2.2 1.7 ± 0.4    
    29 13 ± 3 4.26 ± 1.6 1.6 ± 0.3    
    31 14 ± 4.5 4.9 ± 1.6 1.7 ± 0.3    
Carbomedics Bileaflet 23     1.9 ± 0.1 126 ± 7  
    25 10.3 ± 2.3 3.6 ± 0.6 1.3 ± 0.1 93 ± 8 2.9 ± 0.8
    27 8.79 ± 3.46 3.46 ± 1.03 1.61 ± 0.3 89 ± 20 2.9 ± 0.75
    29 8.78 ± 2.9 3.39 ± 0.97 1.52 ± 0.3 88 ± 17 2.3 ± 0.4
    31 8.87 ± 2.34 3.32 ± 0.87 1.61 ± 0.29 92 ± 24 2.8 ± 1.14
    33 8.8 ± 2.2 4.8 ± 2.5 1.5 ± 0.2 93 ± 12  
Duromedics Bileaflet 27 13 ± 6 5 ± 3 1.61 ± 0.4 75 ± 12  
    29 10 ± 4 3 ± 1 1.40 ± 0.25 85 ± 22  
    31 10.5 ± 4.33 3.3 ± 1.36 1.38 ± 0.27 81 ± 12  
    33 11.2 2.5   85  
Lillehei-Kaster Tilting disc 18     1.7 140  
    20     1.7 67  
    22     1.56 ± 0.09 94 ± 22  
    25     1.38 ± 0.27 124 ± 46  
Medtronic Hall Tilting disc 27     1.4 78  
    29     1.57 ± 0.1 69 ± 15  
    31     1.45 ± 0.12 77 ± 17  
Omnicarbon Tilting disc 23   8.0      
    25   6.05 ± 1.81 1.77 ± 0.24 102 ± 16  
    27   4.89 ± 2.05 1.63 ± 0.36 105 ± 33  
    29   4.93 ± 2.16 1.56 ± 0.27 120 ± 40  
    31   4.18 ± 1.4 1.3 ± 0.23 134 ± 31  
    33   4 ± 2      
On-X Bileaflet 25 11.5 ± 3.2 5.3 ± 2.1     1.9 ± 1.1
    27 10.3 ± 4.5 4.5 ± 1.6     2.2 ± 0.5
    29 10.3 ± 4.5 4.5 ± 1.6     2.2 ± 0.5
    31 9.8 ± 3.8 4.8 ± 2.4     2.5 ± 1.1
    33 9.8 ± 3.8 4.8 ± 2.4     2.5 ± 1.1
Sorin Allcarbon Tilting disc 25 15 ± 0.25 4 ± 0.5 1.95 ± 0.02 70 ± 1  
    27 11 ± 2.75 4 ± 0.5 1.65 ± 0.21 82 ± 20  
    29 12 ± 3 4 ± 1.25 1.73 ± 0.22 80 ± 14  
    31 10 ± 1.5 4 ± 1 1.66 ± 0.11 83 ± 14  
St. Jude Medical Bileaflet 23   4.0 1.5 160 1.0
    25   2.5 ± 1 1.34 ± 1.12 75 ± 4 1.35 ± 0.17
    27 11 ± 4 5 ± 1.82 1.61 ± 0.29 75 ± 10 1.67 ± 0.17
    29 10 ± 3 4.15 ± 1.8 1.57 ± 0.29 85 ± 10 1.75 ± 0.24
    31 12 ± 6 4.46 ± 2.22 1.59 ± 0.33 74 ± 13 2.03 ± 0.32
Starr-Edwards Caged ball 26   10.0     1.4
    28   7 ± 2.75     1.9 ± 0.57
    30 12.2 ± 4.6 6.99 ± 2.5 1.7 ± 0.3 125 ± 25 1.65 ± 0.4
    32 11.5 ± 4.2 5.08 ± 2.5 1.7 ± 0.3 110 ± 25 1.98 ± 0.4
    34   5.0     2.6

The information above comes from Echocardiografie.nl. Last changed on: 11 September 2023.